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Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque
(Historic/Religious Sites & Architectural Buildings)
The Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque, also known as the Aya Sofya, is an incredible example of Byzantine Empire architecture. It is located in the heart of Istanbul’s historic centre and holds great symbolism even today.
Originally built as the Hagia Sophia in 537 by Emperor Justinian, it was later converted into a mosque by Sultan Mehmet II in 1453. In 1935, it was declared a museum by Atatürk, but in 2020, it was changed back into a functioning mosque. This transition reflects the rich history of Istanbul, from its days as Constantinople to its current role in Turkey’s story.
Inside the narthex, you can discover Byzantine treasures such as the Beautiful Gate, which is believed to have been taken from a temple in Tarsus. There is also a mosaic from the 10th century that depicts the Virgin Mary, Christ child, Emperor Justinian, and Emperor Constantine.
The prayer hall, which was once Justinian’s nave, is truly impressive in its size. Chandeliers hang from the high ceiling, and the walls are adorned with medallions inscribed with religious names. Many people gather around the Weeping Column, which is said to have healing powers. The apse of the mosque features an ornate mihrab that indicates the direction of Mecca. Behind it, there are stained-glass windows that lead to a semi-dome holding a mosaic from the 9th century depicting the Virgin and Christ child.
One noticeable change in the prayer hall’s interior after 2020 is the teal-coloured carpet, except for the omphalion, where new emperors were once crowned. It has a unique design with 30 circles, highlighting its historical significance. The dome of the prayer hall is a true architectural marvel, standing 56 meters high and spanning 33 meters in diameter. It has inspired the design of Ottoman-era mosques. Four seraphim grace the pendentives, believed to protect the city from disasters.
Unfortunately, the upper gallery is currently closed for restoration, which means that famous mosaics like the Emperor Constantine IX and Empress Zoe Mosaic cannot be viewed at this time.
Whether you’re a fan of art or a history buff, the upper gallery of the Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque is a true gem of artistic brilliance, offering a rare chance to travel back in time and bask in the magnificence of Byzantine art.
Best Time to Visit:
The best time to visit is during the early morning or late afternoon to avoid crowds and experience the tranquility of this majestic structure. Spring and autumn offer mild weather, making it ideal for exploring both indoors and outdoors.
Tours and Ticket Information:
Tours are available for visitors who wish to delve deeper into the history and significance of Hagia Sophia. Tickets can be purchased at the entrance or online, with varying prices for adults, students, and children. It’s advisable to book tickets in advance, especially during peak tourist seasons, to avoid long queues. Combo tickets for nearby attractions such as Blue Mosque and Basilica Cistern are also available.
Dress Code:
As Hagia Sophia is a place of worship, visitors are expected to dress modestly. For both men and women, clothing that covers the shoulders and knees is recommended. Scarves or shawls may be required for women to cover their heads.
Nearby Attractions:
Situated in the central area of Istanbul’s historical district called Sultanahmet. You will find the magnificent Blue Mosque and he recently renovated Basilica Cistern short walk away. Additionally, to the north lies Gülhane Parkı, which is home to Topkapı Palace and the Istanbul Archaeological Museum.
Travel Tips and Location:
Arrive early to beat the crowds and enjoy a more peaceful experience.
Take your time exploring both the interior and exterior of the mosque to fully appreciate its beauty and history.
Don’t forget to bring a camera to capture the breathtaking architecture and intricate details.
Sultanahmet is easily accessible by public transportation, including trams and buses, making it convenient for travellers staying in other parts of Istanbul.
